In an emissions trading system, the government sets an overall limit on emissions, and defines permits (also called allowances), or limited authorizations to emit, up to the level of the overall limit. After an emissions limit has been set by a government political process, individual companies are free to choose how or whether to reduce their emissions. in this case is a triangular matrix of ones. Das Prinzip ist denkbar einfach: Die Politik legt fest, wie viele Tonnen CO 2 von einer Gruppe insgesamt ausgestoßen werden dürfen. Wer zu der Gruppe gehört und das Klima mit CO 2-Emissionen anheizt, benötigt . Nach Zahlen des Umweltbundesamts ist der CO2-Ausstoß in Deutschland in den Kraftwerken stark gesunken. [12] In most schemes, permit owners can donate permits to a nonprofit entity and receive a tax deductions. A company could get allowance from the Act on a greater amount of emission when it paid another company to reduce the same pollutant. Under cap and trade, the emissions cost automatically decreases, so a cap-and-trade scheme adds another automatic stabilizer to the economy - in effect, an automatic fiscal stimulus. Fachbibliothek Umwelt (Environmental Library), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Indicators of climate change impacts and adaptation, Cluster Water regime, water management,marine and coastal protection, Cluster Energy industry (conversion, transport and supply), Cluster Transport, transport infrastructure, Cluster Spatial planning, regional and urban development, Cluster Cross-sectional activities carried out at Federal level, Climate protection and energy policy in Germany, RESCUE – Resource-Efficient Pathways towards Greenhouse-Gas-Neutrality, Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases and Fully Halogenated CFCs, Application domains and emission reduction, Moble air conditioning in cars, buses and railway vehicles, Environmental justice – Environment, health and social conditions, Assessing environmentally-related health risks, German Environmental Survey 1997-1999, GerES III, Environment and Health: newsletters and series, UMID: Environment and Human Health – Information Service, Classification and labelling of chemicals, Economic and legal dimensions of resource conservation, Resource conservation and environmental policy, Resource conservation in the manufacturing and consumption domain, Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter (PM10), Approval and Harmonization – 4MS-Initiative, The German Environment Agency and the Antarctic, Applying for a permit to travel to the Antarctic, International activities in and around the Antarctic, Sustainability | Strategies | International, Recognition of environmental and nature protection associations, International policy and knowledge transfer, Project Database: Advisory Assistance Programme, Research on the measurement and evaluation of pollutants, Formaldehyde emissions: Test conditions for wood-based materials, Accelerating global climate action by 2030, Ten country reports on ambitious climate policy, Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) design, GE-I-1: Heat exposure and Public awareness, GE-I-3: Contamination with pollen of ragweed, GE-I-5: Contamination of bathing waters with cyanobacteria – case study, GE-R-1 + 2: Heat warning service and Success case study, WW-I-5: Water temperature of standing waters – case study, WW-I-6: Start of the spring algal bloom in standing waters – case study, WW-R-2: Investment in inland watercourse flood protection - case study, WW-R-3: Riparian vegetation of small, medium-sized water bodies-case study, FI-I-1: Distribution of thermophilic marine species, FI-I-2: Occurrence of thermophilic species in inland waters – case study, BO-I-1: Soil moisture levels in farmland soil, BO-R-1: Humus content of arable land – case study, LW-I-4: Infestation with harmful organisms – case study, LW-R-2: Cultivation and propagation of thermophilic arable crops, LW-R-3+4: Adaption the variety spectrum,maize varieties by maturity groups, FW-I-1 Tree species composition in natural forest reserves - case study, FW-I-4: Damaged timber – extent of random use, FW-I-5: Extent of timber infested by spruce bark beetle – case study, FW-I-6: Forest fire risk and forest fires, FW-R-2: Financial support for forest conversion, FW-R-3: Targeted conversion of endangered spruce stands, FW-R-4: Conservation of forest-genetic resources, FW-R-6: Forestry information on adaptation, BD-I-1: Phenological changes in wild plant species, BD-I-2: Community temperature index for bird species, BD-I-3: Restoration of natural flood-plains, BD-R-1: Consideration of climate change in landscape programmes, BAU-I-1 + 2 Heat stress in urban environments and summer heat island effect, BAU-I-5: Claims expenditure for property insurance, BAU-R-2: Green roofing of federal buildings, BAU-R-3:Specific energy consumption for space-heating by private households, BAU-R-4: Funding for building and refurbishment adapted to climate change, BAU-R-5: Insurance density natural hazard insurance residential buildings, EW-I-1 + 2 Weather-related power supply interruptions, EW-I-3: Ambient temperature-induced power reduction in thermal power plants, EW-R-1 + 2: Energy diversification (electricity, heating and cooling), EW-R-4: Water efficiency of thermal power plants, VE-I-1 + 2: Flood closures and low water restrictions on the Rhine, VE-I-4: Weather-related road traffic accidents, VE-I-5: Impacts on roads from extraordinary weather events – case study, IG-R-1: Intensity of water consumption in the manufacturing sector, TOU-I-1 + 2: Coastal bathing temperatures, bed nights on the coast, TOU-I-3: Heat stress in spas used for their healthy climate, TOU-I-6: Seasonal bed nights in German tourist areas, FiW-I-1:Claims ratio, combined ratio in homeowners’ comprehensive insurance, RO-R-1: Priority and reserved areas for nature and landscape, RO-R-2: Priority and reserved areas groundwater / drinking water, RO-R-3: Priority and restricted areas for (preventive) flood control, RO-R-4: Priority and restricted areas for special climate functions, RO-R-5: Land used for human settlements and transport infrastructure, RO-R-6: Settlement use in flood-risk areas – case study, BS-I-1:Person hours required for dealing during weather-related loss events, BS-R-1: Information on how to act in a disaster situation, BS-R-2: Precautionary measures for protection of the public, BS-R-4: Active disaster protection workers, HUE-1: Manageability of climate change impacts, HUE-2: Usage of warning and information services, HUE-3: Federal grants - Research projects Climate change impacts Adaptation, HUE-4: Adaptation to climate change at municipal authority level, HUE-5: International finance for climate adaptation (from budget resources), Conference on “Resource-Efficient Decarbonisation Pathways“, EU Regulation concerning fluorinated greenhouse gases, Mobile air conditioning with climate-friendly refrigerant CO2, Mobile air conditioning with fluorinated refrigerants, Climate friendly mobile air conditioning for buses, Guarantees of origin for renewable energy sources, Guarantees of regional origin for renewable energy sources, WHO Collaborating Centre for Air Quality Management, Environmental pollution and diseases of the elderly, Frequently Asked Questions about phthalates and plasticisers, Research project “Environmental justice in urban areas”, Pilot project on environmental justice in German municipalities, Emissions from wood and coal burning stoves in residential areas, Harmonisation of health assessment – LCI values and EU-LCI values, 2nd International Conference on Human Biomonitoring, Berlin, Database for health-related exposure assessment, Cooperation for the promotion of human biomonitoring, HBM4EU: European Human Biomonitoring Initiative, German Environmental Survey 2014-2017, GerES V, German Environmental Survey 2003-2006 for Children, GerES IV, German Environmental Survey 1990-1992, GerES II, German Environmental Survey 1985-1986, GerES I, Survey 1990-1992 in Comparison with Survey 1997-1999, Committee for Health-related Evaluation of Building Products, Opinion of the Human Biomonitoring Commission (HBM), Members of the Indoor Air Hygiene Commission, Database - Pharmaceuticals in the environment, Environmental risk assessment of antifouling products in Germany, Workshop: Non-Chemical Alternatives for Rodent Control (NoCheRo), Sustainability evaluation of case studies, Non-extractable residues in persistence assessment, Resources Commission at the Federal Environment Agency (KRU), Leveraging cost reduction potential through resource efficiency, 2011 battery recycling figures for Germany, Focal Point to the Basel Convention (Germany), Statistics concerning transfrontier shipment of waste, International climate protection instruments, Cross-media monitoring in air quality management, Germany’s HELCOM Chairmanship 2020 – 2022, Biological quality classification of watercourses, New EU Regulation on Minimum Requirements for Water Reuse, Safe management of drinking water supplies, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research on Drinking-water Hygiene, Airguns - an underestimated disruptive factor, Environmental monitoring on King George Island, Discovery, exploration and conservation of Antarctica, Research and logistics in the perpetual ice, Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, Act Implementing the Protocol on Environmental Protection (AIEP), Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM), Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP), Protected Areas under the CAMLR-Convention, International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators, Protection and management of areas under PEPAT, Kommission Landwirtschaft (Agricultural Expert Panel, KLU), Soil investigation advisory council (FBU), The Federal Environment Agency Soil Protection Commission, Brownfield redevelopment and inner urban development, Soil related travel destinations in Germany, Networks, joint regional-state-federal groups, associations, Large scale projects under the administrative agreement, Corona crisis & environmental and sustainability policy, Initiative: A Digital Planet for Sustainability, SDGs: A challenge for sustainability policy, The UBA research agenda “Urban environmental protection”, Environmental administrative offences and environmental crime, Laws of environmental liability, harm and criminal actions, Environmental protection and peacekeeping, Legal background to the Environmental Appeals Act, Federal Environment Ministry's Advisory Assistance Programme, Incorporating green procurement into your organizational practice, Environmental aspects in contract award procedures, European testing procedure for emissions from construction products, Blue Angel for Building Products and Furnishings, Environmental product declarations for construction products, New Concepts for European Construction Product Standards, Format for the mandatory designation of construction products, Validation of a leaching test for release from building products, Emissions behaviour of wood and wood-based materials, FAQ on formaldehyde regulations for wood-based materials and furniture, Climate-neutral lifestyle: Consumers lead the way.