[204][205] The victor, Jovenel Moïse of the Haitian Tèt Kale Party, was subsequently sworn in as president in 2017. [19] The departments are listed below, with the departmental capital cities in parentheses. [275], According to the 2015 CIA World Factbook, Haiti's main import partners are: Dominican Republic 35%, US 26.8%, Netherlands Antilles 8.7%, China 7% (est. Compas (konpa) (also known as compas direct in French, or konpa dirèk in creole)[361] is a complex, ever-changing music that arose from African rhythms and European ballroom dancing, mixed with Haiti's bourgeois culture. However, since the 18th century there has been a sustained effort to write in Haitian Creole. To the southwest of the Plateau Central are the Montagnes Noires, whose most northwestern part merges with the Massif du Nord. [63] Many slaves died from diseases such as smallpox and typhoid fever. [68][69], With slavery abolished, Toussaint Louverture pledged allegiance to France, and he fought off the British and Spanish forces who had taken advantage of the situation and invaded Saint-Domingue. There is a large Haitian diaspora community, predominantly based in the US and Canada, France, and the wealthier Caribbean islands. [citation needed] Many artists cluster in 'schools' of painting, such as the Cap-Haïtien school, which features depictions of daily life in the city, the Jacmel School, which reflects the steep mountains and bays of that coastal town, or the Saint-Soleil School, which is characterised by abstracted human forms and is heavily influenced by Vodou symbolism. Soulouque pressed on, capturing San Juan. [107][108][109] The enforced payments to France hampered Haiti's economic growth for years, exacerbated by the fact that many Western nations continued to refuse formal diplomatic recognition to Haiti; Britain recognized Haitian independence in 1833, and the United States not until 1862. by force, a process that was deeply resented by ordinary Haitians. Youth attend parties at nightclubs called discos, (pronounced "deece-ko"), and attend Bal. In Port-au-Prince, colorful shantytowns surround the central city and go up the mountainsides. The strike-slip fault system in the region has two branches in Haiti, the Septentrional-Oriente fault in the north and the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault in the south. [62] Tensions between these two groups led to conflict, as a militia of free-coloreds was set up in 1790 by Vincent Ogé, resulting in his capture, torture and execution. The gene pool of Haiti is about 95.5% Sub-Saharan African, 4.3% European, with the rest showing some traces of East Asian genes;[328] according to a 2010 autosomal genealogical DNA testing. — Central Intelligence Agency", "Haiti and Dominican Republic Look to Eradicate Malaria", "The Geology of Haiti: An Annotated Bibliography of Haiti's Geology, Geography and Earth Science", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) – Data", "Solar-Powered Hospital in Haiti Yields Sustainable Savings", The Geology of Haiti: An Annotated Bibliography of Haiti's Geology, Geography and Earth Science, An Unbroken Agony: Haiti, From Revolution to the Kidnapping of a President, Secretary General of the Council of Ministers, Web Site about Safe and Sustainable Water Solutions for Haiti, Secretariat for Multidimensional Security, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haiti&oldid=1018140234, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1804, 1492 establishments in the Spanish West Indies, 1804 disestablishments in the French colonial empire, 17th-century disestablishments in the Spanish West Indies, Articles with dead external links from July 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Haitian Creole-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, All articles containing potentially dated statements, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2012, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Haitian Creole-language sources (ht), Articles with dead external links from August 2019, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with dead external links from March 2021, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The rainfall pattern is varied, with rain heavier in some of the lowlands and the northern and eastern slopes of the mountains. [57] In 1697 France and Spain settled their hostilities on the island by way of the Treaty of Ryswick of 1697, which divided Hispaniola between them. [260], Haiti has a predominantly free market economy, with a GDP of $19.97 billion and per capita GDP of $1,800 (2017 estimates). [138], Recognition of the distinctive traditionalism of the Haitian people had an influence on American writers, including Eugene O'Neill, James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Orson Welles. There is a chronic shortage of health care personnel and hospitals lack resources, a situation that became readily apparent after the January 2010 earthquake. [238], The legal system is based on a modified version of the Napoleonic Code. [392], The World Health Organization cites diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, meningitis, and respiratory infections as common causes of death in Haiti. As a result piracy became widespread, encouraged by European powers hostile to Spain such as France (based on Île de la Tortue) and England. [394] HIV infection is found in 1.71% of Haiti's population (est. [58], The brutality of slave life led many slaves to escape to mountainous regions, where they set up their own autonomous communities and became known as Maroons. [112], On 21 March 1849, Haitian soldiers attacked the Dominican garrison at Las Matas. Use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of the Terms and Conditions and Privacy policy. G2A PL Sp. [226] Notable endemic species include the Hispaniolan trogon, Hispaniolan parakeet, grey-crowned tanager and the Hispaniolan Amazon. The Marines declared martial law and severely censored the press. Brown - Royaume d'Hayti. The highest point is Pic la Selle, at 2,680 metres (8,793 ft).[22][19][20]. [19], In February 2012, Haiti signaled it would seek to upgrade its observer status to full associate member status of the African Union (AU). It runs from the southeast to the northwest. [329] Y-chromosomes indicative of European ancestry "(i.e., haplogroups G2a*-P15, I-M258, R1b1b-M269, and T-M184) were detected at commensurate levels in Haiti (20.3%) and Jamaica (18.9%)". 必須. [39] The name was restored by Haitian revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines as the official name of independent Saint-Domingue, as a tribute to the Amerindian predecessors. Mobile telephones, and the red and blue colors of the Haitian army, the Haitian flag often represent Lavalas... 288 ] [ 294 ] Haiti relies upon imports for half its food needs and 80 % of country! Of agriculture and 69 farms in the penitentiary ; however, since the 1900! Up the mountainsides view Catholic veneration of Saints as idol worship, as a! 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