what did queen anne died of?

 

In 1714, Queen Anne died, the last Stuart monarch. People criticized her lack of intellect and physical fitness. The Scot Sir John Clerk, 1st Baronet, who also attended, wrote, "nobody on this occasion appeared more sincerely devout and thankful than the Queen herself". Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated. Forbidden by James to pay Mary a projected visit in the spring of 1687,[50] Anne corresponded with her and was aware of the plans to invade. [162], The Whigs used George's death to their own advantage. [25] The Danes were Protestant allies of the French, and Louis XIV was keen on an Anglo-Danish alliance to contain the power of the Dutch. [172] In January 1711, Anne forced Sarah to resign her court offices, and Abigail took over as Keeper of the Privy Purse. Many of the High Tories, who opposed British involvement in the land war against France, were removed from office. 163–164; Green, p. 196; Gregg, p. 277; Somerset, p. 365, Curtis, pp. 41, 44, Curtis, p. 43; Green, p. 36; Gregg, p. 34; Somerset, p. 49, Quoted in Green, p. 39; Gregg, p. 43 and Somerset, p. 21, Green, p. 39; Gregg, p. 47; Waller, p. 301, Curtis, p. 55; Gregg, p. 52; Somerset, pp. [20] It was her last journey outside England. [79], Anne's final pregnancy ended on 25 January 1700 with a stillbirth. 62–63; Gregg, p. 90; Somerset, pp. 219–230; Somerset, pp. 245–246, 258, 272–274, Green, p. 155; Gregg, pp. [190] By July, Anne had lost confidence in Harley; his secretary recorded that Anne told the cabinet "that he neglected all business; that he was seldom to be understood; that when he did explain himself, she could not depend upon the truth of what he said; that he never came to her at the time she appointed; that he often came drunk; [and] last, to crown all, he behaved himself towards her with ill manner, indecency and disrespect. She was also the last Monarch to attend the meetings of the Treasury Board (see T 29), which looked at virtually every proposal in government both at home and overseas and of course the Royal income!. 321–322; Somerset, p. 527; Waller, p. 328, Hensbergen, Claudine; Bernard, Stephen (2014) "Introduction". 78–80; Green, pp. 210–214; Gregg, pp. [51] On the advice of the Churchills,[46] she refused to side with James after William landed and instead wrote to William on 18 November declaring her approval of his action. [97], Anne became queen upon the death of King William III on 8 March 1702, and was immediately popular. 23–24; Gregg, p. 13; Somerset, p. 20, Curtis, p. 28; Gregg, p. 13; Waller, p. 296, Curtis, p. 27; Green, p. 21; Gregg, p. 28, Curtis, p. 34; Green, p. 29; Gregg, p. 28, Curtis, p. 30; Green, p. 27; Gregg, p. 17, Green, p. 28; Gregg, p. 17; Somerset, p. 29, Green, p. 29; Gregg, p. 22; Somerset, p. 34, Green, p. 32; Gregg, p. 26; Somerset, p. 35, Curtis, pp. There was something of majesty in her look, but mixed with a gloominess of soul". Although the Whig Junto became more powerful during the ensuing War of Spanish Succession, there was a major shift in 1710 to the (anti-war) Tories under the leadership of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, which lasted until her death. Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714)[a] was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland between 8 March 1702 and 1 May 1707. [138] The Queen turned for private advice to Harley, who was uncomfortable with Marlborough and Godolphin's turn towards the Whigs. The sisters never saw each other again. Waller, p. 313; see also Somerset, pp. 41–42; Green, pp. Princess Anne was born in London, on August 15, 1950. A third meeting was cancelled when she became too ill to attend. Prince Philip died on Friday morning (April 9), at his home in Windsor Castle, Buckingham Palace has confirmed. 349–351; Somerset, pp. Pressure mounted on Pembroke, Godolphin and the Queen from the dissatisfied Junto Whigs, and Pembroke resigned after less than a year in office. Her mother died the following year. To also give him the Spanish throne was no longer in Britain's interests, but the proposed Peace of Utrecht submitted to Parliament for ratification did not go as far as the Whigs wanted to curb Bourbon ambitions. [204], In the opinion of modern historians, traditional assessments of Anne as fat, constantly pregnant, under the influence of favourites, and lacking political astuteness or interest may derive from sexist prejudices against women. "[57] On 19 December, Anne returned to London, where she was at once visited by William. 189–199, Curtis, p. 107; Green, pp. [59], In January 1689, a Convention Parliament assembled in England and declared that James had effectively abdicated when he fled, and that the thrones of England and Ireland were therefore vacant. Unfortunately we’re unable to help with family history requests on the blog, but if you go to our contact us page: http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/contact/ you’ll see how to get in touch with our record experts via phone, email or live chat. [9] Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was appointed as Anne's preceptor. [69] Anne was stripped of her guard of honour; courtiers were forbidden to visit her, and civic authorities were instructed to ignore her. I have a tortoiseshell comb made in Port Royal, Jamaica, sometime between 1671-1692, which, family legend has it, was a gift to a Mrs Clitherow from Queen Anne. For the descendants of Edward Hyde, see Gregg, pp. She subsidised George Frideric Handel with £200 a year. Personally, Anne did little to promote tea. [43] Anne was still at Bath, so she did not witness the birth, which fed the belief that the child was spurious. 238–241; Gregg, pp. [161] Anne resented the Duchess's intrusive actions, which included removing a portrait of George from the Queen's bedchamber and then refusing to return it in the belief that it was natural "to avoid seeing of papers or anything that belonged to one that one loved when they were just dead". [198] Marlborough was re-instated,[199] and the Tory ministers were replaced by Whigs.[200]. [174] Godolphin's death from natural causes in September 1712 reduced Anne to tears; she blamed their estrangement on the Marlboroughs. Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII’s second wife, was found guilty of high treason by a jury of her peers in the king’s hall at the Tower on 15 May 1536. 1. [173] Harley was stabbed by a disgruntled French refugee, the Marquis de Guiscard, in March, and Anne wept at the thought he would die. Anne was born at 11:39 p.m. on 6 February 1665 at St James's Palace, London, the fourth child and second daughter of the Duke of York (afterwards James II and VII), and his first wife, Anne Hyde. 349–351; Somerset, pp. 307–308; Gregg, pp. [36] "The Church of Rome is wicked and dangerous", she wrote to her sister, "their ceremonies—most of them—plain downright idolatry. On the sudden death of her aunt in 1670, Anne returned to England. [98] In her first speech to the English Parliament, on 11 March, she distanced herself from her late Dutch brother-in-law and said, "As I know my heart to be entirely English, I can very sincerely assure you there is not anything you can expect or desire from me which I shall not be ready to do for the happiness and prosperity of England. [27], Bishop Compton officiated at the wedding of Anne and George of Denmark on 28 July 1683 in the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace. She also turned to Abigail Hill, a woman of the bedchamber whose influence grew as Anne's relationship with Sarah deteriorated. [221] In Scotland, a separate form of arms was used on seals until the Act of Union.[223]. [61] On 24 July 1689, Anne gave birth to a son, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, who, though ill, survived infancy. PC 1/2/256, ‘Lying in State’, plan for the funeral procession and service of Queen Anne at Westminster, 14-16 August 1714. He also gave her a great number of beautiful jewels. [91] She gained weight as a result of her sedentary lifestyle; in Sarah's words, "she grew exceeding gross and corpulent. [205] Author David Green noted, "Hers was not, as used to be supposed, petticoat government. "Lord Clarendon and his Trowbridge Ancestry". [169] In line with Anne's views, Sacheverell was convicted, but his sentence—suspension of preaching for three years—was so light as to render the trial a mockery. The second of these wills from her regnal year ‘nine’ (1710-1711) ‘The Last Will and Testament’, can be found in PC 1/2/260. [176] In the House of Commons, the Tory majority was unassailable, but the same was not true in the House of Lords. [83] Alternatively, pelvic inflammatory disease could explain why the onset of her symptoms roughly coincided with her penultimate pregnancy. Although the sisters had been close, disagreements over Anne's finances, status, and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary's accession and they became estranged. Anne was crowned as Queen and their son Edward was made Prince of Wales. 525–526, Green, pp. [131] A third attempt to introduce the bill as an amendment to a money bill in November 1704 was also thwarted. It may be it is our brother, but God only knows ... one cannot help having a thousand fears and melancholy thoughts, but whatever changes may happen you shall ever find me firm to my religion and faithfully yours. 541–543 for a similar view. On 1 May 1707 England and Scotland were combined into a single kingdom with Anne at its head (see C 204/92 for the ‘Act of Union’ of the two kingdoms). Her father, the Catholic James II, died in France in 1701, having been overthrown by the Glorious Revolution. 102–104; Gregg, pp. [52] Churchill abandoned the unpopular King James on the 24th. Anne recovered at the spa town of Tunbridge Wells,[32] and over the next two years, gave birth to two daughters in quick succession: Mary and Anne Sophia. She did her best – what more can one ask of a queen? [222] In 1707, the union was heraldically expressed by the impalement, or placing side by side in the same quarter, of the arms of England and Scotland, which had previously been in different quarters. [26] Anne's father consented to the marriage eagerly because it diminished the influence of his other son-in-law, William of Orange, who was naturally unhappy at the match. [156], At a thanksgiving service for a victory at the Battle of Oudenarde, Anne did not wear the jewels that Sarah had selected for her. At her Anglican baptism in the Chapel Royal at St James's, her older sister, Mary, was one of her godparents, along with the Duchess of Monmouth and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Gilbert Sheldon. Both drafts PC 2/85  (pp. This August marks the 300th anniversary of the death of Queen Anne, the last of the Stuart monarchs, and the first sovereign of Great Britain. [33], Public alarm at James's Catholicism increased when his wife, Mary of Modena, became pregnant for the first time since James's accession. 117, 155, 172; Gregg, pp. PC 1/2/260 ‘Uncompleted draft for Queen Anne’s will’, 1710-1711. In 1702, Anne adopted the motto semper eadem ("always the same"), the same motto used by Queen Elizabeth I. [89] Around the court, she was carried in a sedan chair, or used a wheelchair. 21–23; Gregg, p. 8; Somerset, pp. [148] In July 1708, she came to court with a bawdy poem written by a Whig propagandist, probably Arthur Maynwaring,[149] that implied a lesbian relationship between Anne and Abigail. [107] She sponsored high-quality medals as rewards for political or military achievements. 391–392; Somerset, pp. [186], Anne was unable to walk between January and July 1713. On this day in history, 7th January 1536, at two o’clock in the afternoon, Catherine of Aragon died at Kimbolton Castle. ", Harris, Frances. Of her five liveborn children, four died before reaching the age of two. The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession, until 1710 when Anne dismissed many of them from office. 192–194; Somerset, pp. [137] Although this strengthened the ministry's position in Parliament, it weakened the ministry's position with the Queen, as Anne became increasingly irritated with Godolphin and with her former favourite, the Duchess of Marlborough, for supporting Sunderland and other Whig candidates for vacant government and church positions. [64] The new king and queen feared that Anne's financial independence would weaken their influence over her and allow her to organise a rival political faction. Does anyone know of a connection, however tenuous, between the Clitherow family of Boston Manor, Brentford, Middlesex, and Queen Anne. Harley attempted to lead business without his former colleagues, and several of those present including the Duke of Somerset refused to participate until they returned. [180] On the same day, Marlborough was dismissed as commander of the army. [215], The official style of Anne before 1707 was "Anne, by the Grace of God, Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc." [23] Other rumours claimed she was courted by Lord Mulgrave, although he denied it. [165] On Maundy Thursday 6 April 1710, Anne and Sarah saw each other for the last time. The Whigs secured the support of the Earl of Nottingham against the treaty by promising to support his Occasional Conformity bill. 151–152, Green, p. 335; Gregg, pp. Sarah Churchill’s prejudicial recollections persuaded many biographers that Anne was a weak and hesitant woman, beset by bedchamber quarrels, deciding high policy on the basis of personality. For the descendants of James I, see Gregg, pp. 134–135, Curtis, p. 84; Green, pp. 258–259; Somerset, pp. According to Saunière de L'Hermitage, the Dutch. 292–294; Somerset, pp. [75] Three months later, William restored Marlborough to his offices. 34, 36, Curtis, p. 37; Green, pp. The existing law permitted nonconformists to take office if they took Anglican communion once a year. "[99], Soon after her accession, Anne appointed her husband Lord High Admiral, giving him nominal control of the Royal Navy. 105–106; Somerset, pp. Towards the end of her life Anne suffered increasingly more from gout, and could hardly walk. Her father openly converted to Catholicism in 1675 and the scene was set for a massive political problem when he became king. Being very ignorant, very fearful, with very little judgement, it is easy to be seen she might mean well, being surrounded with so many artful people, who at last compassed their designs to her dishonour.[203]. PC 1/2/247, ‘Report of the post-mortem on the Queen’s body’, 2 August 1714. [112][113] The Estates of Scotland responded to the Act of Settlement by passing the Act of Security, which gave the Estates the power, if the Queen had no further children, to choose the next Scottish monarch from among the Protestant descendants of the royal line of Scotland. On 7 January 1536 Katherine of Aragon – first wife of Henry VIII and former queen of England – died on Kimbolton Castle. Evans, C. F. H. (January 1975). They spent one night in his house, and subsequently arrived at Nottingham on 1 December. 85–86; Gregg, p. 125, Clerk's memoirs, quoted in Gregg, p. 240 and Somerset, pp. [77], According to James, Anne wrote to him in 1696 requesting his permission to succeed William, and thereafter promising to restore the Crown to James's line at a convenient opportunity; he declined to give his consent. 19–21; Green, p. 20; Gregg, p. 6, Curtis, pp. Two Brothers Came To Live With Them. She attended more Council meetings than any of her predecessors, and presided over an age (as personified by the work of John Vanburgh and Daniel Defoe) of artistic, literary, economic and political advancement that was made possible by the stability of her rule. 337–338; Somerset, p. 79; Waller, pp. [209] In architecture, Sir John Vanbrugh constructed Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard. 316–317, Curtis, p. 116; Green, p. 122; Gregg, p. 177, Gregg, pp. I’m sure that many women looked up to her and quite possibly she may have forwarded women’s suffrage towards equal equality over a time period, within each generation of mainly male dominated societies? [116], In its turn, the English Parliament responded with the Alien Act 1705, which threatened to impose economic sanctions and declare Scottish subjects aliens in England, unless Scotland either repealed the Act of Security or moved to unite with England. [7] Placed in the care of Colonel Edward and Lady Frances Villiers,[8] their education was focused on the teachings of the Anglican church. RELATED: This Is Why Queen Elizabeth I Died a Virgin at Age 69 Anne also suffered several miscarriages. 174–175, 188–193; Somerset, pp. Professor Valerie Traub writes, "Although this scandal features prominently in biographies of the Queen, the charges generally are dismissed as the hysterical vindictiveness of a power-hungry Duchess". 464–465, Gregg, pp. 195–196; Gregg, p. 276; Somerset, pp. [182], By signing the Treaty of Utrecht, King Louis XIV of France recognised the Hanoverian succession in Britain. Anne, however, insisted on carrying out the duties of Lord High Admiral herself, without appointing a member of the government to take George's place. In: Schofield, Mary Anne; Macheski, Cecilia (eds). [151] Sarah thought Abigail had risen above her station, writing "I never thought her education was such as to make her fit company for a great queen. [136], In 1706, Godolphin and the Marlboroughs forced Anne to accept Lord Sunderland, a Junto Whig and the Marlboroughs' son-in-law, as Harley's colleague as Secretary of State for the Southern Department. [10], Around 1671, Anne first made the acquaintance of Sarah Jennings, who later became her close friend and one of her most influential advisors. 313–314; Somerset, pp. [128] After the Great Storm of 1703, Anne declared a general fast to implore God "to pardon the crying sins of this nation which had drawn down this sad judgement". Duke of Marlborough quoted in Green, p. 182; Duchess of Marlborough quoted in Gregg, p. 308, Green, p. 335; Gregg, p. 36; Somerset, p. 56; Weir, p. 268, Green, p. 335; Gregg, p. 55; Somerset, p. 86; Weir, p. 268, Green, pp. [145] The invasion fleet never landed and was chased away by British ships commanded by Sir George Byng. [179] Abigail's husband, Samuel Masham, was made a baron, although Anne protested to Harley that she "never had any design to make a great lady of [Abigail], and should lose a useful servant". Despite seventeen pregnancies, she died without surviving issue and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart. "[41] Anne suffered another miscarriage in April 1688, and left London to recuperate in the spa town of Bath. Anne was buried in Westminster Abbey in an unmarked grave, which seems quite unfitting for a Queen of England. Queen Anne died intestate, having refused to sign draft wills prepared for her. [13] There is every indication that, throughout Anne's early life, she and her stepmother got on well together,[14] and the Duke of York was a conscientious and loving father. (1853). [147], The Duchess of Marlborough was angered when Abigail moved into rooms at Kensington Palace that Sarah considered her own, though she rarely if ever used them. While Anne had been married in 1683 to Prince George of Denmark, a chronic asthmatic, he was very much regarded as a nonentity. Anne never enjoyed good health, and her many pregnancies that ended in miscarriages greatly weakened her. [133] Godolphin, Marlborough, and Harley, who had replaced Nottingham as Secretary of State for the Northern Department, formed a ruling "triumvirate". [95] With William childless and Gloucester dead, Anne was the only individual remaining in the line of succession established by the Bill of Rights 1689. When the Queen seemed to hesitate, Marlborough and Godolphin refused to attend a cabinet meeting. On the anniversary of Prince William’s death, she suffered a stroke and died two days later, with one of her doctors commenting: “I believe sleep was never more welcome to a weary traveller than death was to her.”. [202] The Duchess wrote of Anne: She certainly meant well and was not a fool, but nobody can maintain that she was wise, nor entertaining in conversation. [109], While Ireland was subordinate to the English Crown and Wales formed part of the kingdom of England, Scotland remained an independent sovereign state with its own parliament and laws. [21], Anne's second cousin George of Hanover visited London for three months from December 1680, sparking rumours of a potential marriage between them. William's wife (who was also his first cousin), Queen Mary II, had died eight years earlier in 1694. 375–377; Somerset, pp. Queen Anne completed the building of the baroque palace at Hampton Court Palace, and lived and died at Kensington Palace. 221–222, Green, p. 220; Gregg, p. 306; Somerset, pp. 34–35; Gregg, pp. Kendall, K. Limakatso (1991). The new arms were: Quarterly; I and IV, Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England) impaling Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); II, Azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or (for France); III, Azure, a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland). The Duchess arrived at Kensington Palace shortly before George died, and after his death insisted that Anne leave Kensington for St James's Palace against her wishes. [211] Henry Wise laid out new gardens at Blenheim, Kensington, Windsor and St James's. Anne was born in London’s Clarence House, the residence of her mother, who was then still Princess Elizabeth. [93], Anne's sole surviving child, the Duke of Gloucester, died at the age of eleven on 30 July 1700. Bucholz, Robert O. 403–404, Curtis, p. 176; Gregg, pp. 275–276; Somerset, p. 362; Waller, pp. [157] Anne was dismayed. 154–155; Gregg, p. 231, Green, p. 94; Somerset, p. 174; Waller, p. 315; Ward, p. 460, Curtis, p. 97; Green, pp. … "[219] In line with other monarchs of England between 1340 and 1800, Anne was styled "Queen of France", but did not actually reign in France. [143] Anne withheld royal assent from the Scottish Militia Bill 1708 in case the militia raised in Scotland was disloyal and sided with the Jacobites. "[39] Later that year, she suffered another stillbirth. Anne's husband was placed in an unfortunate position when Anne forced him to vote for the bill, even though, being a Lutheran, he was an occasional conformist himself. 324–325, Gregg, pp. "'Nothing but ceremony': Queen Anne and the limitations of royal ritual. Multiple miscarriages, six still-born infants, two babies who died within hours of birth, two daughters who died as toddlers and a son who survived to only 11 left Queen Anne a shell of a woman. At the door of St Paul's Cathedral, they had an argument that culminated in Sarah offending the Queen by telling her to be quiet. Birthday: February 6, 1665 Date of Death: August 1, 1714 Age at Death: 49 His suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England, and on Charles II’s instructions Anne was raised as an Anglican. x–xi and Somerset, pp. Anne's mother died early at the Valladolid. When did Anne Stuart become queen? [68] Lady Marlborough was subsequently removed from the royal household by the Lord Chamberlain, and Anne angrily left her royal lodgings and took up residence at Syon House, the home of the Duke of Somerset. Mary was born on 2nd June 1685 at Whitehall Palace though died of smallpox at Windsor Castle just under two years later; she was styled Lady Mary. 364–365, Curtis, pp. [121] Under the Acts of Union, England and Scotland were united into a single kingdom called Great Britain, with one parliament, on 1 May 1707. She also became the first Queen to see a grandchild ascend to the throne when Elizabeth was announced Queen after her father died. 11–13; Waller, p. 295, Curtis, pp. Anne was 37 years old when she became queen, and even at her coronation suffered from a bad attack of gout and had to be carried to the ceremony in an open sedan chair. Queen Anne died intestate, having refused to sign draft wills prepared for her. Friday 1 August 2014 | Ralph Thompson | Records and research | 5 comments, C 110/26, reverse of Queen Anne’s 1709 seal, showing the rose of England combined with the thistle of Scotland. The Junto Whigs were removed from office, although Marlborough, for the moment, remained as commander of the army. [144] She was the last British sovereign to veto a parliamentary bill, although her action was barely commented upon at the time. 84–87; Somerset, pp. 102–103, Gregg, pp. [125] It was headed by Lord Treasurer Lord Godolphin and Anne's favourite the Duke of Marlborough, who were considered moderate Tories, along with the Speaker of the House of Commons, Robert Harley. She was educated at Benenden School. The Duchess of Marlborough "unduly disparaged" Anne in her memoirs,[46] and her prejudiced recollections persuaded many early biographers that Anne was "a weak, irresolute woman beset by bedchamber quarrels and deciding high policy on the basis of personalities". [184] The rumours were fed by her consistent refusals to permit any of the Hanoverians to visit or move to England,[185] and by the intrigues of Harley and the Tory Secretary of State Lord Bolingbroke, who were in separate and secret discussions with her half-brother about a possible Stuart restoration until early 1714. Mary married their Dutch Protestant cousin, William III of Orange, in 1677, and Anne married Prince George of Denmark in 1683. [82][88], Anne's gout rendered her lame for much of her later life. [49], William of Orange invaded England on 5 November 1688 in an action known as the Glorious Revolution, which ultimately deposed King James. Anne appointed the moderate Earl of Pembroke, on 29 November 1708. For medical treatment, she was sent to France, where she lived with her paternal grandmother, Henrietta Maria of France, at the Château de Colombes near Paris. "Carving a Legacy: Public Sculpture of Queen Anne, c. 165–168; Green, p. 198; Gregg, p. 280; Somerset, pp. After Queen Anne died in 1714, Abigail Masham retired into private life—but her rival had a clever final act in store. [181] The peace treaty was ratified and Britain's military involvement in the War of the Spanish Succession ended. [71] Later that year, Anne moved to Berkeley House in Piccadilly, London, where she had a stillborn daughter in March 1693. To the consternation of the English people, James began to give Catholics military and administrative offices, in contravention of the Test Acts that were designed to prevent such appointments. 75–76; Green, p. 58; Gregg, p. 80, Curtis, pp. "[196], Anne was buried beside her husband and children in the Henry VII Chapel on the South Aisle of Westminster Abbey on 24 August. Having been taken ill on the morning of 30 July she died around 7.30 a.m. on 1 August 1714 at Kensington Palace, her body being so swollen with dropsy that she had to be interred in a vast square shaped coffin. Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life, and from her thirties, she grew increasingly ill and obese. Anne declared God would be her guard and ordered Sunderland to redeploy her troops. Her father, Philip, gave her a dowry of 500,000 crowns. 439–440, Curtis, p. 189; Green, p. 258; Gregg, p. 343; Somerset, pp. After Mary's death in 1694, William reigned alone until his own death in 1702, when Anne succeeded him. Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II, who had no legitimate children – though it wasn’t for want of trying. 72, 120; Weir, p. 268. [58] Anne showed no concern at the news of her father's flight, and instead merely asked for her usual game of cards. [195] John Arbuthnot, one of her doctors, thought her death was a release from a life of ill-health and tragedy; he wrote to Jonathan Swift, "I believe sleep was never more welcome to a weary traveller than death was to her. 108–109; Gregg, pp. [6] On the instructions of Charles II, they were raised as Protestants. They had some fears that Louis XIII would die … [220], As queen regnant, Anne's coat of arms before the union were the Stuart royal arms, in use since 1603: Quarterly; I and IV grandquarterly, Azure three fleurs-de-lis Or (for France) and Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England); II, Or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); III, Azure, a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland). The Elector's accession was relatively stable: a Jacobite rising in 1715 failed. [122] Anne, a consistent and ardent supporter of union despite opposition on both sides of the border, attended a thanksgiving service in St Paul's Cathedral. 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